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One of the fuel cells used in the Apollo program :: Photo: Ákos Kriston

One of the fuel cells used in the
Apollo program

Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) represent perhaps the most elaborated technology among fuel cells. They have been in use since 1960, among others, in the NASA Apollo and Space Shuttle programs. On board these spacecrafts, such type of fuel cells provided the electric current for the operation of the instruments and the drinking water. After their inventor they are also called Bacon Cells.

In alkaline fuel cells charge is carried by hydroxyl ions (OH-), which move from the cathode to the anode, where they react with hydrogen to form water and electrons.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parameters:

  • Type of electrode: e.g., potassium-hydroxide solution, 30%
  • Operational temperature: below 80°C
  • Electric efficiency: 60%-70%

Reactions:

  • On the anode: 2H2 + 4OH- => 4H2O + 4e-
  • On the cathode: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- => 4OH-
  • The complete reaction: 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O

Advantages:

  • One of the most efficient cells
  • Low production costs due to the fact that different types of electrolytes can be used
  • Relatively low operational temperature
  • Quick start

Disadvantages:

  • High sensitivity to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane, since these gases can react with the electrolyte and so reduce the efficiency of the cell. It feels best locked away from the outer world, where these gases cannot damage it
  • Pure hydrogen and oxygen are needed for its operation

Areas of use:

  • Submarines
  • Ships
  • Arms industry

Related links:

  1. Fuel Cell Basics
  2. Wikipedia
  3. AFC energy
  4. Astris Energi Inc
 

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